Windows Server processes

Thursday, June 17, 2010

Windows Server processes

1) smss.exe
Description
smss.exe is a process which is a part of the Microsoft Windows Operating System. It is called the Session Manager Subsystem and is responsible for handling sessions on your system. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Recommendation
smss.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
smss.exe general information
Author: Microsoft Corp.
Part of: Microsoft Windows Operating System
Common Path(s): %system%\smss.exe

2) csrss.exe
Description
The Microsoft Client Server Runtime Server subsystem utilizes the process csrss.exe for managing the majority of the graphical instruction sets under the Microsoft Windows operating system. As such Csrss.exe provides the critical functions of the operating system, and its termination can result in the Blue Screen of Death being displayed.

Csrss.exe controls threading and Win32 console window features. Threading is where the application splits itself into multiple simultaneous running tasks. Threads supported by csrss.exe are different from processes in that threads are commonly contained within the process, with various threads sharing resources within the same process. The Win32 console is the plain text window in the Windows API system (programs can use the console without the need for image display).

In mobile devices such as notebooks and laptops, the process csrss.exe is closely dependent on power management schemes implemented by the system as defined under the Control Panel option.

Recommendation
csrss.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
csrss.exe general information
Author: Microsoft Corp
Part of: Microsoft Windows Operating System
Common Path(s): %system%\csrss.exe
3) winlogon.exe
Description
Description
winlogon.exe is a process belonging to the Windows login manager. It handles the login and logout procedures on your system. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Recommendation
winlogon.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
winlogon.exe general information
Author: Microsoft Corp.
Part of: Microsoft Windows Operating System
Common Path(s): %system%\winlogon.exe
services.exe
Description
services.exe is a part of the Microsoft Windows Operating System and manages the operation of starting and stopping services. This process also deals with the automatic starting of services during the computers boot-up and the stopping of services during shut-down. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated
Recommendation
services.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
services.exe general information
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Operating System

Common Path(s):
%system%\services.exe
lsass.exe
Description
The process lsass.exe serves as the Local Security Authentication Server by Microsoft, Inc. It is responsible for the enforcement of the security policy within the operating system. This process checks whether a user’s supplied identification is valid or not whenever he or she tries to access the computer system.

With the execution of the file lsass.exe, the system acquires security by preventing the access of unwanted users to any private information. The file lsass.exe also handles the password modifications done by the user.

The process lsass.exe mainly operates in the system through its ability to create access tokens. These tokens encapsulate the file’s security descriptor, which contains the necessary information to process user authentication such as data on which user holds access to the system and whether the access is mandatory or discretionary.
Recommendation
lsass.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
lsass.exe general information

Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Operating System

Common Path(s):
%system%\LSASS.exe
%system%\system32\lsass.exe
svchost.exe
Description
The file svchost.exe is the Generic Host Process for Win32 Services used for administering 16-bit-based dynamically linked library files (DLL files) including other supplementary support applications.

As operating systems became more complex Microsoft decided to run more software functionality from a dynamic link library (DLL) interface. However DLLs are unable to launch themselves and require at least one executable program, i.e. svchost.exe, is needed to bridge between the library process and the operating system.

Through the solitary file svchost.exe, the DLLs efficiently contain and dispense Win32 services as well as neatly facilitate the execution of svchost.exe’s own operations. Acting as a host, the file svchost.exe creates multiple instances of itself. The multiple executions of the file svchost.exe contribute to the stability and security of the operating system by reducing the possibility of a crashing process that causes a domino effect on its neighbor processes, thereby creating a system-wide crash in the machine.
Recommendation
svchost.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Operating System

Common Path(s):
%system%\svchost.exe
ccsetmgr.exe
Description
ccsetmgr.exe is a process associated with the Symantec Internet Security suite and is essential to it's functioning. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Symantec Corporation

Part of:
Symantec Internet Security suite

Common Path(s):
%programfilescommon%\Symantec Shared\ccSetMgr.exe
spoolsv.exe
Description
The spoolsv.exe file is described as the Spooler SubSystem App or Windows Print Spooler Service and is the main component of the printing interfaces. The spoolsv.exe file is initialized when the computer starts, and it runs in the background until the computer is turned off.

The process spoolsv.exe transfers the data in a buffer. If the printer needs the data, it will retrieve it from the buffer. While the spoolsv.exe file is storing the data in the buffer, the user can carry out other operations. The spoolsv.exe process is also responsible for queuing printing tasks. Through this function, the user does not need to wait for each printing task to be completed one after the other.

When a printer is in use, the Print Spooler service or the spoolsv.exe file is launched, and the process can be seen running in Windows Task Manager. In case you are not using a printer, the spoolsv.exe process can be closed through the Task Manager.
Recommendation
spoolsv.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Operating System
Common Path(s):
%system%\spoolsv.exe
Msdtc.exe
Description
msdtc.exe is the Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator. The process is loaded into the system by Microsoft Personal Web Server and Microsoft SQL Server. The service is used to manage transactions across multiple servers.
Recommendation
msdtc.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Personal Web Server

Common Path(s):
N/A
bbattachserver.exe
Description
bbattachserver.exe is a Server belonging to BlackBerry® Attachment Server from Research In Motion Limited
Recommendation
This process is still being reviewed by our team. We shall be adding additional information, such as Security Rating, once the process is reviewed. If you have any information to contribute, you can send it to pl[at]Uniblue[dot]net.
Author:
Research In Motion Limited

Part of:
BlackBerry® Attachment Server

Common Path(s):
e:\program files\research in motion\blackberry enterprise server\attachserver
defwatch.exe
Description
defwatch.exe is a part of Norton Antivirus Corporate Edition, and is responsible for monitoring the virus definition files and initiating processes to bring them up to date if they aren't.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Symantec Corporation

Part of:
Norton Antivirus Corporarte Edition

Common Path(s):
N/A
dfssvc.exe
Description
dfssvc.exe is the Distributed File System service. Only found on Microsoft Windows Server suites, this process is crucial for the DFS service. Essential Microsoft server service.
Recommendation
dfssvc.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Server suite

Common Path(s):
N/A
dns.exe
Description
dns.exe is the main process which handles the Microsoft Windows DNS server, if enabled. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your server and should not be terminated.
Recommendation
dns.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Server Suites

Common Path(s):
N/A
nhancer.exe
Description
nhancer.exe is a nHancer.exe belonging to nHancer from KSE - Korndörfer Software Engineering
Recommendation
This process is still being reviewed by our team. We shall be adding additional information, such as Security Rating, once the process is reviewed. If you have any information to contribute, you can send it to pl[at]Uniblue[dot]net.
Author:
KSE - Korndörfer Software Engineering

Part of:
nHancer

Common Path(s):
%programfiles%\nhancer
inetinfo.exe
Description
inetinfo.exe is used primarily for debugging Microsoft Windows Server Internet Information Services. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Recommendation
inetinfo.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Server Suites

Common Path(s):
%system%\inetinfo.exe
pds.exe
Description
pds.exe is associated with Intel LANDesk Management Suite software and discovers registered products on your computer. This program is a non-essential process, but should not be terminated unless suspected to be causing problems.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Intel Corporation.

Part of:
Intel Ping Discovery Service

Common Path(s):
N/A

llssrv.exe

Description
llssrv.exe on Microsoft Windows Server suites is a license logging service and should not be stopped under any circumstances.
Recommendation
Monitors and records client access licensing for portions of the operating system (such as IIS, Terminal Server and File/Print) as well as products that aren't a part of the OS, like SQL and Exchange Server. If this service is stopped, licensing will be enforced, but will not be monitored.
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft License Service

Common Path(s):
N/A
mr2kserv.exe
Description
mr2kserv.exe is a process belonging to the Dell OpenManage and provides Array management functionality. This program is a non-essential process, but should not be terminated unless suspected to be causing problems.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Dell

Part of:
Dell OpenManage

Common Path(s):
N/A
nsctop.exe
Description
nsctop.exe is a process belonging to Symantec System Center. The application searches AV servers on the network.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Symantec Corporation

Part of:
Symantec System Center

Common Path(s):
N/A
ntfrs.exe
Description
ntfrs.exe is process belonging to Windows. It is used to maintain file synchronization of file directory contents among multiple servers. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Recommendation
ntfrs.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Windows

Common Path(s):
N/A
qserver.exe
Description
qserver.exe is a process associated with the Norton Internet Security Suite and deals with the communication of quarantined files.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Symantec

Part of:
Norton Internet Security Suite

Common Path(s):
N/A

reportersvc.exe
Description
reportersvc.exe is a Symantec Reporting Service from Symantec Corporation belonging to Reporting
Description
reportersvc.exe is a Symantec Reporting Service from Symantec Corporation belonging to Reporting
Author:
Symantec Corporation

Part of:
Reporting

Common Path(s):
%programfilescommon%\symantec shared\reporting agents\win32
sbscrexe.exe
SBS Licensing Service
Description
sbscrexe.exe is a SBS Licensing Service from Microsoft Corporation belonging to Microsoft® Windows® Operating System
Author:
Microsoft Corporation

Part of:
Microsoft® Windows® Operating System

Common Path(s):
%system%
scanexplicit.exe
Description
scanexplicit.exe is a part of Norton Internet Security Suite and scans files submitted to the Quarantine section using a separate set of definitions. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
scanexplicit.exe general information
Author:
Symantec Corporation

Part of:
NAV Symantec Quarantine Scanner

Common Path(s):
N/A
owstimer.exe
owstimer.exe description
Description
owstimer.exe is a SharePoint Timer Service from Microsoft Corporation belonging to Microsoft SharePoint
Recommendation
owstimer.exe general information
Author:
Microsoft Corporation

Part of:
Microsoft SharePoint

Common Path(s):
%programfilescommon%\microsoft shared\web server extensions\50\bin
%programfilescommon%\microsoft shared\web server extensions\60\bin
sqlagent.exe
Microsoft SQL Server Agent
Description
sqlagent.exe is a process belonging to the Microsoft SQL Server Agent and is used for executing scheduled jobs.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft SQL Server Agent

Common Path(s):
N/A
appmgr.exe
Description
appmgr.exe is a process belonging to the Windows Server operating system which provides remote server management functionality. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Recommendation
appmgr.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
Author:
Microsoft

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Server

Common Path(s):
%system%\serverappliance\appmgr.exe
conduit.exe
Description
conduit.exe is a conduit_client belonging to Symantec Brightmail AntiSpam[tm] from Symantec Corporation
conduit.exe general information
Author:
Symantec Corporation

Part of:
Symantec Brightmail AntiSpam[tm]

Common Path(s):
%programfiles%\symantec\sbas\scanner\bin
uphclean.exe
Description
uphclean.exe is a process belonging to Microsoft's User profile cleanup service. This program is a non-essential process, but should not be terminated unless suspected to be causing problems.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Microsoft Corporation

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Operating System

Common Path(s):
%programfiles%\uphclean\uphclean.exe
tcpsvcs.exe
Description
tcpsvcs.exe is a part of Microsoft Windows networking components. This essential system process is initiated when the computer uses special TCP/IP networking services such as DHCP, Simple TCP and print services. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Recommendation
tcpsvcs.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Operating System

Common Path(s):
%system%\tcpsvcs.exe
icepack.exe
Description
icepack.exe is a part of the Norton Antivirus Corporate edition suite and acts as a medium between server and client. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Symantec Corporation

Part of:
NAV CE Server/Client - Symantec Quarantine Agent

Common Path(s):
N/A
hndlrsvc.exe
Intel Alert Handler
Description
hndlrsvc.exe is a process associated with Intel Alert Handler which alerts you regarding e-mails, and other options. This is a non-essential process. Disabling or enabling it is down to user preference.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Intel Corporation

Part of:
Intel Alert Handler

Common Path(s):
N/A
iao.exe
Description
iao.exe is a process belonging to Symantec Internet security suite. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Click to run a free scan for iao.exe related errors.

Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
exmgmt.exe
exmgmt.exe description
Description
exmgmt.exe is a process belonging to the Microsoft Exchange Console which allows for configuration of this e-mail server product. This program is a non-essential process, but should not be terminated unless suspected to be causing problems.
Recommendation
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..
Author:
Microsoft

Part of:
Microsoft Exchange Server Suite

Common Path(s):
%programfiles%\Exchsrvr\bin\exmgmt.exe
mad.exe
mad.exe description
Description
mad.exe is a process which deals with certain important Microsoft Exchange functions such as the loading of DLL's and message logging. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Recommendation
mad.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Exchance Server

Common Path(s):
N/A

mssearch.exe

mssearch.exe is a process relating to Microsoft Windows Server suite, which is responsible for the cataloguing of indexes for Exchange server and SQL server. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
mssearch.exe general information

Author: Microsoft Corp.
Part of: Microsoft Windows Server suite
Common Path(s):
N/A
wmiprvse.exe
wmiprvse.exe description
The wmiprvse.exe file is otherwise known as Windows Management Instrumentation. It is a Microsoft Windows-based component that provides control and information about management in an enterprise environment.

Developers use the wmiprvse.exe file in order to develop applications used for monitoring purposes. These programs can notify users about important events related to network and file or application management right after each event occurs. With wmiprvse.exe, file managers in the enterprise environment are capable of configuring and searching for desktop system information or network and application information across the network.

The wmiprvse.exe file is placed with other services in the shared service host. This started to be applied with the release of MS Windows XP. Providers are also loaded separately in the wmiprvse.exe file since it considers the wmiprvse.exe executable as a host process.

Author: Microsoft
Part of: Microsoft Windows Operating System
Common Path(s):
%system%\wbem\wmiprvse.exe
itadminserver.exe

Description
itadminserver.exe is a ITAdminServer belonging to BlackBerry® Policy Service from Research In Motion Limited
Recommendation
Author: Research In Motion Limited
Part of: BlackBerry® Policy Services
Common Path(s): e:\program files\research in motion\blackberry enterprise server
IMBSERVICE.EXE
Description
imbservice.exe is a IMBSERVICE.EXE belonging to Microsoft® Windows® Small Business Server from Microsoft Corporation
Author:
Microsoft Corporation

Part of:
Microsoft® Windows® Small Business Server

Common Path(s):
%programfiles%\microsoft windows small business server\networking\pop3

Locator.exe
locator.exe is the remote procedure call locator service and is essential for the smooth running of Microsoft Windows. This process maintains a database of publicly declared procedures. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Operating System
Common Path(s):
%system%\locator.exe

w3wp.exe
Description
w3wp.exe is a process associated with application pool in ISS. If you have more than one application pool, you will have more than one instance of w3wp.exe running. This process usually allocates large amounts of resources. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Author:
Microsoft

Part of:
Microsoft Web Server

Common Path(s):
N/A
SFMSVC.EXE - Windows NT Macintosh File Server Service
Sfmsvc.exe is related to Windows NT Macintosh File Server Service.
Manufacturer: Microsoft Corp.
beremote.exe

beremote.exe is a process that belongs to Backup Exec from Veritas. This process should not be removed to ensure that the backup process is not interrupted
Author:
Veritas

Part of:
Backup Exec

Common Path(s):
N/A

pvlsvr.exe

Description
pvlsvr.exe is a part of Veritas Backup Exec and offers essential functionality for Backup Exec. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Author:
VERITAS Software Corporation.

Part of:
Veritas Backup Exec

Common Path(s):
N/A
beserver.exe
Description
beserver.exe is the main backup service for Veritas Backup Exec. This program is essential in keeping backups up to date and should not be terminated.
Author:
VERITAS Software Corporation.

Part of:
Unknown

Common Path(s):
N/A
bengine.exe
Description
bengine.exe is the main backup service for Veritas Backup Exec. This program is essential in keeping backups up to date and should not be terminated.
Author:
Veritas Software Corporation

Part of:
Veritas Backup Exec

Common Path(s):
N/A
benetns.exe
Description
benetns.exe belongs to the Backup Exec application from Veritas. This process provides a remote browsing agent for the Backup Exec service on the backup server. This process should not be removed to ensure that your backup applications works properly.
Author:
VERITAS Software Corporation.

Part of:
Veritas Backup Exec

Common Path(s):
N/A
dlt.exe
Description
dlt.exe is a part of the Dell OpenManage system management software. Essential system process for the running of Dell OpenManage, and should not be disabled whilst this application is used.
Author:
Dell

Part of:
Dell Legacy

Common Path(s):
N/A
savfmsesp.exe
Symantec Mail Security for Microsoft Exchange

Description
savfmsesp.exe is a Symantec Mail Security for Microsoft Exchange from Symantec Corporation belonging to Symantec Mail Security for Microsoft Exchange
Author:
Symantec Corporation

Part of:
Symantec Mail Security for Microsoft Exchange

Common Path(s):
%programfiles%\symantec\smsmse\4.6\server
ccApp.exe
ccapp.exe
Description
The ccapp.exe file stands for Common Client Application and is the executable responsible for checking emails and auto-protect facilities as part of the Norton Antivirus suite.

The ccapp.exe file is used as the Norton Antivirus’ real-time scanner. When Windows loads, the ccapp.exe file also loads as VxD or virtual device driver. As the ccapp.exe file executes behind the scenes, it scans your system for Trojan Horses, viruses, and worms.

Before Windows can completely shut down, the ccapp.exe file will scan the boot drives for sector viruses if a floppy disk can be found inside the drive. In case a virus is detected, a message will be displayed asking you to repair the infected floppy disk boot record.

You will be able to view the details of the scan in the recorded report log. Details in the report include the name of the virus, location of the file infected, time it was detected, and the action taken by the application or the user.
Author:
Symantec Corporation

Part of:
Norton AntiVirus Suite

Common Path(s):
%program files%\common\symantec shared\

vptray.exe
Description
vptray.exe is the tray bar process for Norton AntiVirus. It gives the user fast access to Norton AntiVirus. This process can safely be removed without reducing system security.
Author:
Symantec Corporation

Part of:
Norton AntiVirus

Common Path(s):
N/A
ctfmon.exe
Description
ctfmon.exe is a process belonging to Microsoft Office Suite. It activates the Alternative User Input Text Input Processor (TIP) and the Microsoft Office XP Language Bar. This program is a non-essential system process, but should not be terminated unless suspected to be causing problems.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Office Suite

Common Path(s):
%system%\ctfmon.exe
sqlmangr.exe
Description
sqlmangr.exe is a system tray application from Microsoft which allows the user to start and stop SQL related services. This program is a non-essential system process, but should not be terminated unless suspected to be causing problems.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft SQL Server Service Manager

Common Path(s):
%programfiles%\Microsoft SQL Server\80\Tools\Binn\sqlmangr.exe

logon.scr
Microsoft Logon Screensaver

Description
logon.scr is a process belonging to the Microsoft Windows Operating System and provides a screensaver during the login phase. This is a non-essential process. Disabling or enabling it is down to user preference.
Author:
Microsoft

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Operating System

Common Path(s):
%system%\logon.scr

bbconvert.exe
Description
bbconvert.exe is a Convert belonging to BlackBerry® Attachment Server from Research In Motion Limited
Author:
Research In Motion Limited

Part of:
BlackBerry® Attachment Server

Common Path(s):
e:\program files\research in motion\blackberry enterprise server\attachserver

csrss.exe
bbconvert.exe description
Description
bbconvert.exe is a Convert belonging to BlackBerry® Attachment Server from Research In Motion Limited
Author:
Research In Motion Limited

Part of:
BlackBerry® Attachment Server

Common Path(s):
e:\program files\research in motion\blackberry enterprise server\attachserver

winlogon.exe
winlogon.exe is a process belonging to the Windows login manager. It handles the login and logout procedures on your system. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.
Author:
Microsoft Corp.

Part of:
Microsoft Windows Operating System

Common Path(s):
%system%\winlogon.exe
VPTray.exe
vptray.exe is the tray bar process for Norton AntiVirus. It gives the user fast access to Norton AntiVirus. This process can safely be removed without reducing system security.
Author:
Symantec Corporation

Part of:
Norton AntiVirus

Common Path(s):
N/A
ctfmon.exe

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Network Security

Home Network Security
This document gives home users an overview of the security risks and countermeasures associated with Internet connectivity, especially in the context of “always-on” or broadband access services (such as cable modems and DSL). However, much of the content is also relevant to traditional dial-up users (users who connect to the Internet using a modem).
Introduction
Computer security
What is computer security?
Why should I care about computer security?
Who would want to break into my computer at home?
How easy is it to break into my computer?
Technology
What does "broadband" mean?
What is cable modem access?
What is DSL access?
How are broadband services different from traditional dial-up services?
How is broadband access different from the network I use at work?
What is a protocol?
What is IP?
What is an IP address?
What are static and dynamic addressing?
What is NAT?
What are TCP and UDP ports?
What is a firewall?
What does antivirus software do?
Computer security risks to home users
What is at risk?
Intentional misuse of your computer
Trojan horse programs
Back door and remote administration programs
Denial of service
Being an intermediary for another attack
Unprotected Windows shares
Mobile code (Java, JavaScript, and ActiveX)
Cross-site scripting
Email spoofing
Email-borne viruses
Hidden file extensions
Chat clients
Packet sniffing
Accidents and other risks
Disk failure
Power failure and surges
Physical theft
Actions home users can take to protect their computer systems
Consult your system support personnel if you work from home
Use virus protection software
Use a firewall
Don’t open unknown email attachments
Don’t run programs of unknown origin
Disable hidden filename extensions
Keep all applications (including your operating system) patched
Turn off your computer or disconnect from the network when not in use
Disable Java, JavaScript, and ActiveX if possible
Disable scripting features in email programs
Make regular backups of critical data
Make a boot disk in case your computer is damaged or compromised
Appendix: References and additional information
Document Revision History
I. Computer security
A. What is computer security?
Computer security is the process of preventing and detecting unauthorized use of your computer. Prevention measures help you to stop unauthorized users (also known as "intruders") from accessing any part of your computer system. Detection helps you to determine whether or not someone attempted to break into your system, if they were successful, and what they may have done.
B. Why should I care about computer security?
We use computers for everything from banking and investing to shopping and communicating with others through email or chat programs. Although you may not consider your communications "top secret," you probably do not want strangers reading your email, using your computer to attack other systems, sending forged email from your computer, or examining personal information stored on your computer (such as financial statements).
C. Who would want to break into my computer at home?
Intruders (also referred to as hackers, attackers, or crackers) may not care about your identity. Often they want to gain control of your computer so they can use it to launch attacks on other computer systems.
Having control of your computer gives them the ability to hide their true location as they launch attacks, often against high-profile computer systems such as government or financial systems. Even if you have a computer connected to the Internet only to play the latest games or to send email to friends and family, your computer may be a target.
Intruders may be able to watch all your actions on the computer, or cause damage to your computer by reformatting your hard drive or changing your data.
D. How easy is it to break into my computer?
Unfortunately, intruders are always discovering new vulnerabilities (informally called "holes") to exploit in computer software. The complexity of software makes it increasingly difficult to thoroughly test the security of computer systems.
When holes are discovered, computer vendors will usually develop patches to address the problem(s). However, it is up to you, the user, to obtain and install the patches, or correctly configure the software to operate more securely. Most of the incident reports of computer break-ins received at the CERT/CC could have been prevented if system administrators and users kept their computers up-to-date with patches and security fixes.
Also, some software applications have default settings that allow other users to access your computer unless you change the settings to be more secure. Examples include chat programs that let outsiders execute commands on your computer or web browsers that could allow someone to place harmful programs on your computer that run when you click on them.
II. Technology
This section provides a basic introduction to the technologies that underlie the Internet. It was written with the novice end-user in mind and is not intended to be a comprehensive survey of all Internet-based technologies. Subsections provide a short overview of each topic. This section is a basic primer on the relevant technologies. For those who desire a deeper understanding of the concepts covered here, we include links to additional information.
A. What does broadband mean?
"Broadband" is the general term used to refer to high-speed network connections. In this context, Internet connections via cable modem and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) are frequently referred to as broadband Internet connections. "Bandwidth" is the term used to describe the relative speed of a network connection -- for example, most current dial-up modems can support a bandwidth of 56 kbps (thousand bits per second). There is no set bandwidth threshold required for a connection to be referred to as "broadband", but it is typical for connections in excess of 1 Megabit per second (Mbps) to be so named.
B. What is cable modem access?
A cable modem allows a single computer (or network of computers) to connect to the Internet via the cable TV network. The cable modem usually has an Ethernet LAN (Local Area Network) connection to the computer, and is capable of speeds in excess of 5 Mbps.
Typical speeds tend to be lower than the maximum, however, since cable providers turn entire neighborhoods into LANs which share the same bandwidth. Because of this "shared-medium" topology, cable modem users may experience somewhat slower network access during periods of peak demand, and may be more susceptible to risks such as packet sniffing and unprotected windows shares than users with other types of connectivity. (See the "Computer security risks to home users" section of this document.)
C. What is DSL access?
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Internet connectivity, unlike cable modem-based service, provides the user with dedicated bandwidth. However, the maximum bandwidth available to DSL users is usually lower than the maximum cable modem rate because of differences in their respective network technologies. Also, the "dedicated bandwidth" is only dedicated between your home and the DSL provider's central office -- the providers offer little or no guarantee of bandwidth all the way across the Internet.
DSL access is not as susceptible to packet sniffing as cable modem access, but many of the other security risks we'll cover apply to both DSL and cable modem access. (See the "Computer security risks to home users" section of this document.)
D. How are broadband services different from traditional dial-up services?
Traditional dial-up Internet services are sometimes referred to as "dial-on-demand" services. That is, your computer only connects to the Internet when it has something to send, such as email or a request to load a web page. Once there is no more data to be sent, or after a certain amount of idle time, the computer disconnects the call. Also, in most cases each call connects to a pool of modems at the ISP, and since the modem IP addresses are dynamically assigned, your computer is usually assigned a different IP address on each call. As a result, it is more difficult (not impossible, just difficult) for an attacker to take advantage of vulnerable network services to take control of your computer.
Broadband services are referred to as "always-on" services because there is no call setup when your computer has something to send. The computer is always on the network, ready to send or receive data through its network interface card (NIC). Since the connection is always up, your computer’s IP address will change less frequently (if at all), thus making it more of a fixed target for attack.
What’s more, many broadband service providers use well-known IP addresses for home users. So while an attacker may not be able to single out your specific computer as belonging to you, they may at least be able to know that your service providers’ broadband customers are within a certain address range, thereby making your computer a more likely target than it might have been otherwise.
The table below shows a brief comparison of traditional dial-up and broadband services.

Dial-up
Broadband
Connection type
Dial on demand
Always on
IP address
Changes on each call
Static or infrequently changing
Relative connection speed
Low
High
Remote control potential
Computer must be dialed in to control remotely
Computer is always connected, so remote control can occur anytime
ISP-provided security
Little or none
Little or none
Table 1: Comparison of Dial-up and Broadband Services

E. How is broadband access different from the network I use at work?
Corporate and government networks are typically protected by many layers of security, ranging from network firewalls to encryption. In addition, they usually have support staff who maintain the security and availability of these network connections.
Although your ISP is responsible for maintaining the services they provide to you, you probably won’t have dedicated staff on hand to manage and operate your home network. You are ultimately responsible for your own computers. As a result, it is up to you to take reasonable precautions to secure your computers from accidental or intentional misuse.
F. What is a protocol?
A protocol is a well-defined specification that allows computers to communicate across a network. In a way, protocols define the "grammar" that computers can use to "talk" to each other.
G. What is IP?
IP stands for "Internet Protocol". It can be thought of as the common language of computers on the Internet. There are a number of detailed descriptions of IP given elsewhere, so we won't cover it in detail in this document. However, it is important to know a few things about IP in order to understand how to secure your computer. Here we’ll cover IP addresses, static vs. dynamic addressing, NAT, and TCP and UDP Ports.
An overview of TCP/IP can be found in the TCP/IP Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) at
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/internet/tcp-ip/tcp-ip-faq/part1/
and
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/internet/tcp-ip/tcp-ip-faq/part2/
H. What is an IP address?
IP addresses are analogous to telephone numbers – when you want to call someone on the telephone, you must first know their telephone number. Similarly, when a computer on the Internet needs to send data to another computer, it must first know its IP address. IP addresses are typically shown as four numbers separated by decimal points, or “dots”. For example, 10.24.254.3 and 192.168.62.231 are IP addresses.
If you need to make a telephone call but you only know the person’s name, you can look them up in the telephone directory (or call directory services) to get their telephone number. On the Internet, that directory is called the Domain Name System, or DNS for short. If you know the name of a server, say www.cert.org, and you type this into your web browser, your computer will then go ask its DNS server what the numeric IP address is that is associated with that name.
Every computer on the Internet has an IP address associated with it that uniquely identifies it. However, that address may change over time, especially if the computer is
dialing into an Internet Service Provider (ISP)
connected behind a network firewall
connected to a broadband service using dynamic IP addressing.
I. What are static and dynamic addressing?
Static IP addressing occurs when an ISP permanently assigns one or more IP addresses for each user. These addresses do not change over time. However, if a static address is assigned but not in use, it is effectively wasted. Since ISPs have a limited number of addresses allocated to them, they sometimes need to make more efficient use of their addresses.
Dynamic IP addressing allows the ISP to efficiently utilize their address space. Using dynamic IP addressing, the IP addresses of individual user computers may change over time. If a dynamic address is not in use, it can be automatically reassigned to another computer as needed.
J. What is NAT?
Network Address Translation (NAT) provides a way to hide the IP addresses of a private network from the Internet while still allowing computers on that network to access the Internet. NAT can be used in many different ways, but one method frequently used by home users is called "masquerading".
Using NAT masquerading, one or more devices on a LAN can be made to appear as a single IP address to the outside Internet. This allows for multiple computers in a home network to use a single cable modem or DSL connection without requiring the ISP to provide more than one IP address to the user. Using this method, the ISP-assigned IP address can be either static or dynamic. Most network firewalls support NAT masquerading.
K. What are TCP and UDP Ports?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are both protocols that use IP. Whereas IP allows two computers to talk to each other across the Internet, TCP and UDP allow individual applications (also known as "services") on those computers to talk to each other.
In the same way that a telephone number or physical mail box might be associated with more than one person, a computer might have multiple applications (e.g. email, file services, web services) running on the same IP address. Ports allow a computer to differentiate services such as email data from web data. A port is simply a number associated with each application that uniquely identifies that service on that computer. Both TCP and UDP use ports to identify services. Some common port numbers are 80 for web (HTTP), 25 for email (SMTP), and 53 for Domain Name System (DNS).
L. What is a firewall?
The Firewalls FAQ (http://www.faqs.org/faqs/firewalls-faq/) defines a firewall as "a system or group of systems that enforces an access control policy between two networks." In the context of home networks, a firewall typically takes one of two forms:
Software firewall - specialized software running on an individual computer, or
Network firewall - a dedicated device designed to protect one or more computers.
Both types of firewall allow the user to define access policies for inbound connections to the computers they are protecting. Many also provide the ability to control what services (ports) the protected computers are able to access on the Internet (outbound access). Most firewalls intended for home use come with pre-configured security policies from which the user chooses, and some allow the user to customize these policies for their specific needs.
More information on firewalls can be found in the Additional resources section of this document.
M. What does antivirus software do?
There are a variety of antivirus software packages that operate in many different ways, depending on how the vendor chose to implement their software. What they have in common, though, is that they all look for patterns in the files or memory of your computer that indicate the possible presence of a known virus. Antivirus packages know what to look for through the use of virus profiles (sometimes called "signatures") provided by the vendor.
New viruses are discovered daily. The effectiveness of antivirus software is dependent on having the latest virus profiles installed on your computer so that it can look for recently discovered viruses. It is important to keep these profiles up to date.
More information about viruses and antivirus software can be found on the CERT Computer Virus Resource page
http://www.cert.org/other_sources/viruses.html
III. Computer security risks to home users
A. What is at risk?
Information security is concerned with three main areas:
Confidentiality - information should be available only to those who rightfully have access to it
Integrity -- information should be modified only by those who are authorized to do so
Availability -- information should be accessible to those who need it when they need it
These concepts apply to home Internet users just as much as they would to any corporate or government network. You probably wouldn't let a stranger look through your important documents. In the same way, you may want to keep the tasks you perform on your computer confidential, whether it's tracking your investments or sending email messages to family and friends. Also, you should have some assurance that the information you enter into your computer remains intact and is available when you need it.
Some security risks arise from the possibility of intentional misuse of your computer by intruders via the Internet. Others are risks that you would face even if you weren't connected to the Internet (e.g. hard disk failures, theft, power outages). The bad news is that you probably cannot plan for every possible risk. The good news is that you can take some simple steps to reduce the chance that you'll be affected by the most common threats -- and some of those steps help with both the intentional and accidental risks you're likely to face.
Before we get to what you can do to protect your computer or home network, let’s take a closer look at some of these risks.
B. Intentional misuse of your computer
The most common methods used by intruders to gain control of home computers are briefly described below. More detailed information is available by reviewing the URLs listed in the References section below.
Trojan horse programs
Back door and remote administration programs
Denial of service
Being an intermediary for another attack
Unprotected Windows shares
Mobile code (Java, JavaScript, and ActiveX)
Cross-site scripting
Email spoofing
Email-borne viruses
Hidden file extensions
Chat clients
Packet sniffing
13. Trojan horse programs
Trojan horse programs are a common way for intruders to trick you (sometimes referred to as "social engineering") into installing "back door" programs. These can allow intruders easy access to your computer without your knowledge, change your system configurations, or infect your computer with a computer virus. More information about Trojan horses can be found in the following document.
http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-1999-02.html
14. Back door and remote administration programs
On Windows computers, three tools commonly used by intruders to gain remote access to your computer are BackOrifice, Netbus, and SubSeven. These back door or remote administration programs, once installed, allow other people to access and control your computer. We recommend that you review the CERT vulnerability note about Back Orifice. This document describes how it works, how to detect it, and how to protect your computers from it:
http://www.cert.org/vul_notes/VN-98.07.backorifice.html
15. Denial of service
Another form of attack is called a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. This type of attack causes your computer to crash or to become so busy processing data that you are unable to use it. In most cases, the latest patches will prevent the attack. The following documents describe denial-of-service attacks in greater detail.
http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2000-01.html
http://www.cert.org/archive/pdf/DoS_trends.pdf
It is important to note that in addition to being the target of a DoS attack, it is possible for your computer to be used as a participant in a denial-of-service attack on another system.
16. Being an intermediary for another attack
Intruders will frequently use compromised computers as launching pads for attacking other systems. An example of this is how distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) tools are used. The intruders install an "agent" (frequently through a Trojan horse program) that runs on the compromised computer awaiting further instructions. Then, when a number of agents are running on different computers, a single "handler" can instruct all of them to launch a denial-of-service attack on another system. Thus, the end target of the attack is not your own computer, but someone else’s -- your computer is just a convenient tool in a larger attack.
17. Unprotected Windows shares
Unprotected Windows networking shares can be exploited by intruders in an automated way to place tools on large numbers of Windows-based computers attached to the Internet. Because site security on the Internet is interdependent, a compromised computer not only creates problems for the computer's owner, but it is also a threat to other sites on the Internet. The greater immediate risk to the Internet community is the potentially large number of computers attached to the Internet with unprotected Windows networking shares combined with distributed attack tools such as those described in
http://www.cert.org/incident_notes/IN-2000-01.html
Another threat includes malicious and destructive code, such as viruses or worms, which leverage unprotected Windows networking shares to propagate. One such example is the 911 worm described in
http://www.cert.org/incident_notes/IN-2000-03.html
There is great potential for the emergence of other intruder tools that leverage unprotected Windows networking shares on a widespread basis.
18. Mobile code (Java/JavaScript/ActiveX)
There have been reports of problems with "mobile code" (e.g. Java, JavaScript, and ActiveX). These are programming languages that let web developers write code that is executed by your web browser. Although the code is generally useful, it can be used by intruders to gather information (such as which web sites you visit) or to run malicious code on your computer. It is possible to disable Java, JavaScript, and ActiveX in your web browser. We recommend that you do so if you are browsing web sites that you are not familiar with or do not trust.
Also be aware of the risks involved in the use of mobile code within email programs. Many email programs use the same code as web browsers to display HTML. Thus, vulnerabilities that affect Java, JavaScript, and ActiveX are often applicable to email as well as web pages.
More information on malicious code is available in http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/malicious_code_FAQ.html
More information on ActiveX security is available in http://www.cert.org/archive/pdf/activeX_report.pdf
19. Cross-site scripting
A malicious web developer may attach a script to something sent to a web site, such as a URL, an element in a form, or a database inquiry. Later, when the web site responds to you, the malicious script is transferred to your browser.
You can potentially expose your web browser to malicious scripts by
following links in web pages, email messages, or newsgroup postings without knowing what they link to
using interactive forms on an untrustworthy site
viewing online discussion groups, forums, or other dynamically generated pages where users can post text containing HTML tags
More information regarding the risks posed by malicious code in web links can be found in CA-2000-02 Malicious HTML Tags Embedded in Client Web Requests.
20. Email spoofing
Email “spoofing” is when an email message appears to have originated from one source when it actually was sent from another source. Email spoofing is often an attempt to trick the user into making a damaging statement or releasing sensitive information (such as passwords).
Spoofed email can range from harmless pranks to social engineering ploys. Examples of the latter include
email claiming to be from a system administrator requesting users to change their passwords to a specified string and threatening to suspend their account if they do not comply
email claiming to be from a person in authority requesting users to send them a copy of a password file or other sensitive information
Note that while service providers may occasionally request that you change your password, they usually will not specify what you should change it to. Also, most legitimate service providers would never ask you to send them any password information via email. If you suspect that you may have received a spoofed email from someone with malicious intent, you should contact your service provider's support personnel immediately.
21. Email borne viruses
Viruses and other types of malicious code are often spread as attachments to email messages. Before opening any attachments, be sure you know the source of the attachment. It is not enough that the mail originated from an address you recognize. The Melissa virus (see References) spread precisely because it originated from a familiar address. Also, malicious code might be distributed in amusing or enticing programs.
Many recent viruses use these social engineering techniques to spread. Examples include
W32/Sircam -- http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2001-22.html
W32/Goner -- http://www.cert.org/incident_notes/IN-2001-15.html
Never run a program unless you know it to be authored by a person or company that you trust. Also, don't send programs of unknown origin to your friends or coworkers simply because they are amusing -- they might contain a Trojan horse program.
22. Hidden file extensions
Windows operating systems contain an option to "Hide file extensions for known file types". The option is enabled by default, but a user may choose to disable this option in order to have file extensions displayed by Windows. Multiple email-borne viruses are known to exploit hidden file extensions. The first major attack that took advantage of a hidden file extension was the VBS/LoveLetter worm which contained an email attachment named "LOVE-LETTER-FOR-YOU.TXT.vbs". Other malicious programs have since incorporated similar naming schemes. Examples include
Downloader (MySis.avi.exe or QuickFlick.mpg.exe)
VBS/Timofonica (TIMOFONICA.TXT.vbs)
VBS/CoolNote (COOL_NOTEPAD_DEMO.TXT.vbs)
VBS/OnTheFly (AnnaKournikova.jpg.vbs)
The files attached to the email messages sent by these viruses may appear to be harmless text (.txt), MPEG (.mpg), AVI (.avi) or other file types when in fact the file is a malicious script or executable (.vbs or .exe, for example). For further information about these and other viruses, please visit the sites listed on our Computer Virus Resource page:
http://www.cert.org/other_sources/viruses.html
23. Chat clients
Internet chat applications, such as instant messaging applications and Internet Relay Chat (IRC) networks, provide a mechanism for information to be transmitted bi-directionally between computers on the Internet. Chat clients provide groups of individuals with the means to exchange dialog, web URLs, and in many cases, files of any type.
Because many chat clients allow for the exchange of executable code, they present risks similar to those of email clients. As with email clients, care should be taken to limit the chat client’s ability to execute downloaded files. As always, you should be wary of exchanging files with unknown parties.
24. Packet sniffing
A packet sniffer is a program that captures data from information packets as they travel over the network. That data may include user names, passwords, and proprietary information that travels over the network in clear text. With perhaps hundreds or thousands of passwords captured by the packet sniffer, intruders can launch widespread attacks on systems. Installing a packet sniffer does not necessarily require administrator-level access.
Relative to DSL and traditional dial-up users, cable modem users have a higher risk of exposure to packet sniffers since entire neighborhoods of cable modem users are effectively part of the same LAN. A packet sniffer installed on any cable modem user's computer in a neighborhood may be able to capture data transmitted by any other cable modem in the same neighborhood.
C. Accidents and other risks
In addition to the risks associated with connecting your computer to the Internet, there are a number of risks that apply even if the computer has no network connections at all. Most of these risks are well-known, so we won’t go into much detail in this document, but it is important to note that the common practices associated with reducing these risks may also help reduce susceptibility to the network-based risks discussed above.
0. Disk failure
Recall that availability is one of the three key elements of information security. Although all stored data can become unavailable -- if the media it’s stored on is physically damaged, destroyed, or lost -- data stored on hard disks is at higher risk due to the mechanical nature of the device. Hard disk crashes are a common cause of data loss on personal computers. Regular system backups are the only effective remedy.
1. Power failure and surges
Power problems (surges, blackouts, and brown-outs) can cause physical damage to a computer, inducing a hard disk crash or otherwise harming the electronic components of the computer. Common mitigation methods include using surge suppressors and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).
2. Physical Theft
Physical theft of a computer, of course, results in the loss of confidentiality and availability, and (assuming the computer is ever recovered) makes the integrity of the data stored on the disk suspect. Regular system backups (with the backups stored somewhere away from the computer) allow for recovery of the data, but backups alone cannot address confidentiality. Cryptographic tools are available that can encrypt data stored on a computer’s hard disk. The CERT/CC encourages the use of these tools if the computer contains sensitive data or is at high risk of theft (e.g. laptops or other portable computers).
IV. Actions home users can take to protect their computer systems
The CERT/CC recommends the following practices to home users:
Consult your system support personnel if you work from home
Use virus protection software
Use a firewall
Don’t open unknown email attachments
Don’t run programs of unknown origin
Disable hidden filename extensions
Keep all applications (including your operating system) patched
Turn off your computer or disconnect from the network when not in use
Disable Java, JavaScript, and ActiveX if possible
Disable scripting features in email programs
Make regular backups of critical data
Make a boot disk in case your computer is damaged or compromised
Further discussion on each of these points is given below.
Recommendations
13. Consult your system support personnel if you work from home
If you use your broadband access to connect to your employer's network via a Virtual Private Network (VPN) or other means, your employer may have policies or procedures relating to the security of your home network. Be sure to consult with your employer's support personnel, as appropriate, before following any of the steps outlined in this document.
14. Use virus protection software
The CERT/CC recommends the use of anti-virus software on all Internet-connected computers. Be sure to keep your anti-virus software up-to-date. Many anti-virus packages support automatic updates of virus definitions. We recommend the use of these automatic updates when available.
See http://www.cert.org/other_sources/viruses.html#VI for more information.
15. Use a firewall
We strongly recommend the use of some type of firewall product, such as a network appliance or a personal firewall software package. Intruders are constantly scanning home user systems for known vulnerabilities. Network firewalls (whether software or hardware-based) can provide some degree of protection against these attacks. However, no firewall can detect or stop all attacks, so it’s not sufficient to install a firewall and then ignore all other security measures.
16. Don't open unknown email attachments
Before opening any email attachments, be sure you know the source of the attachment. It is not enough that the mail originated from an address you recognize. The Melissa virus spread precisely because it originated from a familiar address. Malicious code might be distributed in amusing or enticing programs.
If you must open an attachment before you can verify the source, we suggest the following procedure:
be sure your virus definitions are up-to-date (see "Use virus protection software" above)
save the file to your hard disk
scan the file using your antivirus software
open the file
For additional protection, you can disconnect your computer's network connection before opening the file.
Following these steps will reduce, but not wholly eliminate, the chance that any malicious code contained in the attachment might spread from your computer to others.
17. Don't run programs of unknown origin
Never run a program unless you know it to be authored by a person or company that you trust. Also, don't send programs of unknown origin to your friends or coworkers simply because they are amusing -- they might contain a Trojan horse program.
18. Disable hidden filename extensions
Windows operating systems contain an option to "Hide file extensions for known file types". The option is enabled by default, but you can disable this option in order to have file extensions displayed by Windows. After disabling this option, there are still some file extensions that, by default, will continue to remain hidden.
There is a registry value which, if set, will cause Windows to hide certain file extensions regardless of user configuration choices elsewhere in the operating system. The "NeverShowExt" registry value is used to hide the extensions for basic Windows file types. For example, the ".LNK" extension associated with Windows shortcuts remains hidden even after a user has turned off the option to hide extensions.
Specific instructions for disabling hidden file name extensions are given in http://www.cert.org/incident_notes/IN-2000-07.html
19. Keep all applications, including your operating system, patched
Vendors will usually release patches for their software when a vulnerability has been discovered. Most product documentation offers a method to get updates and patches. You should be able to obtain updates from the vendor's web site. Read the manuals or browse the vendor's web site for more information.
Some applications will automatically check for available updates, and many vendors offer automatic notification of updates via a mailing list. Look on your vendor's web site for information about automatic notification. If no mailing list or other automated notification mechanism is offered you may need to check periodically for updates.
20. Turn off your computer or disconnect from the network when not in use
Turn off your computer or disconnect its Ethernet interface when you are not using it. An intruder cannot attack your computer if it is powered off or otherwise completely disconnected from the network.
21. Disable Java, JavaScript, and ActiveX if possible
Be aware of the risks involved in the use of "mobile code" such as ActiveX, Java, and JavaScript. A malicious web developer may attach a script to something sent to a web site, such as a URL, an element in a form, or a database inquiry. Later, when the web site responds to you, the malicious script is transferred to your browser.
The most significant impact of this vulnerability can be avoided by disabling all scripting languages. Turning off these options will keep you from being vulnerable to malicious scripts. However, it will limit the interaction you can have with some web sites.
Many legitimate sites use scripts running within the browser to add useful features. Disabling scripting may degrade the functionality of these sites.
Detailed instructions for disabling browser scripting languages are available in http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/malicious_code_FAQ.html
More information on ActiveX security, including recommendations for users who administer their own computers, is available in http://www.cert.org/archive/pdf/activeX_report.pdf
More information regarding the risks posed by malicious code in web links can be found in CA-2000-02 Malicious HTML Tags Embedded in Client Web Requests.
22. Disable scripting features in email programs
Because many email programs use the same code as web browsers to display HTML, vulnerabilities that affect ActiveX, Java, and JavaScript are often applicable to email as well as web pages. Therefore, in addition to disabling scripting features in web browsers (see "Disable Java, JavaScript, and ActiveX if possible", above), we recommend that users also disable these features in their email programs.
23. Make regular backups of critical data
Keep a copy of important files on removable media such as ZIP disks or recordable CD-ROM disks (CD-R or CD-RW disks). Use software backup tools if available, and store the backup disks somewhere away from the computer.
24. Make a boot disk in case your computer

Top 75 Security Tools
In May of 2003, I conducted a survey of Nmap users from the nmap-hackers mailing list to determine their favorite security tools. Each respondent could list up to 8. This was a followup to the highly successful June 2000 Top 50 list. An astounding 1854 people responded in '03, and their recommendations were so impressive that I have expanded the list to 75 tools! Anyone in the security field would be well advised to go over the list and investigate tools they are unfamiliar with. I discovered several powerful new tools this way. I also plan to point newbies to this page whenever they write me saying "I do not know where to start".
Respondents were allowed to list open source or commercial tools on any platform. Commercial tools are noted as such in the list below. Many of the descriptions were taken from the application home page or the Debian or Freshmeat package descriptions. I removed marketing fluff like "revolutionary" and "next generation". No votes for the Nmap Security Scanner were counted because the survey was taken on an Nmap mailing list. This audience also means that the list is slightly biased toward "attack" tools rather than defensive ones.
These icons are used: Did not appear on the 2000 list
Generally costs money. These rarely includes source code. A free limited/demo/trial version may be available.
Works on Linux
Works on FreeBSD/NetBSD/OpenBSD and/or proprietary UNIX systems (Solaris, HP-UX, IRIX, etc.)
Supports Microsoft Windows
Translations:Spanish Translation by ThiOsk (os_k&at&softhome.net) and Kerozene (kerozene&at&hackemate.com.ar)Portuguese Translation by André Zúquete (avz&at&det.ua.pt)
Here is the list (starting with the most popular):
Nessus: The premier Open Source vulnerability assessment tool Nessus is a remote security scanner for Linux, BSD, Solaris, and other Unices. It is plug-in-based, has a GTK interface, and performs over 1200 remote security checks. It allows for reports to be generated in HTML, XML, LaTeX, and ASCII text, and suggests solutions for security problems.
Ethereal: Sniffing the glue that holds the Internet togetherEthereal is a free network protocol analyzer for Unix and Windows. It allows you to examine data from a live network or from a capture file on disk. You can interactively browse the capture data, viewing summary and detail information for each packet. Ethereal has several powerful features, including a rich display filter language and the ability to view the reconstructed stream of a TCP session. A text-based version called tethereal is included.

Snort: A free intrusion detection system (IDS) for the massesSnort is a lightweight network intrusion detection system, capable of performing real-time traffic analysis and packet logging on IP networks. It can perform protocol analysis, content searching/matching and can be used to detect a variety of attacks and probes, such as buffer overflows, stealth port scans, CGI attacks, SMB probes, OS fingerprinting attempts, and much more. Snort uses a flexible rule based language to describe traffic that it should collect or pass, and a modular detection engine. Many people also suggested that the Analysis Console for Intrusion Databases (ACID) be used with Snort.

Netcat: The network swiss army knifeA simple Unix utility which reads and writes data across network connections, using TCP or UDP protocol. It is designed to be a reliable "back-end" tool that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts. At the same time, it is a feature-rich network debugging and exploration tool, since it can create almost any kind of connection you would need and has several interesting built-in capabilities.

TCPDump / WinDump: The classic sniffer for network monitoring and data acquisitionTcpdump is a well-known and well-loved text-based network packet analyzer ("sniffer"). It can be used to print out the headers of packets on a network interface that matches a given expression. You can use this tool to track down network problems or to monitor network activities. There is a separate Windows port named WinDump. TCPDump is also the source of the Libpcap/WinPcap packet capture library, which is used by Nmap among many other utilities. Note that many users prefer the newer Ethereal sniffer.

Hping2: A network probing utility like ping on steroidshping2 assembles and sends custom ICMP/UDP/TCP packets and displays any replies. It was inspired by the ping command, but offers far more control over the probes sent. It also has a handy traceroute mode and supports IP fragmentation. This tool is particularly useful when trying to traceroute/ping/probe hosts behind a firewall that blocks attempts using the standard utilities.

DSniff: A suite of powerful network auditing and penetration-testing toolsThis popular and well-engineered suite by Dug Song includes many tools. dsniff, filesnarf, mailsnarf, msgsnarf, urlsnarf, and webspy passively monitor a network for interesting data (passwords, e-mail, files, etc.). arpspoof, dnsspoof, and macof facilitate the interception of network traffic normally unavailable to an attacker (e.g, due to layer-2 switching). sshmitm and webmitm implement active monkey-in-the-middle attacks against redirected SSH and HTTPS sessions by exploiting weak bindings in ad-hoc PKI. A separately maintained partial Windows port is available here.

GFI LANguard: A commercial network security scanner for WindowsLANguard scans networks and reports information such as service pack level of each machine, missing security patches, open shares, open ports, services/applications active on the computer, key registry entries, weak passwords, users and groups, and more. Scan results are outputted to an HTML report, which can be customized/queried. Apparently a limited free version is available for non-commercial/trial use.

Ettercap: In case you still thought switched LANs provide much extra securityEttercap is a terminal-based network sniffer/interceptor/logger for ethernet LANs. It supports active and passive dissection of many protocols (even ciphered ones, like SSH and HTTPS). Data injection in an established connection and filtering on the fly is also possible, keeping the connection synchronized. Many sniffing modes were implemented to give you a powerful and complete sniffing suite. Plugins are supported. It has the ability to check whether you are in a switched LAN or not, and to use OS fingerprints (active or passive) to let you know the geometry of the LAN.

Whisker/Libwhisker: Rain.Forest.Puppy's CGI vulnerability scanner and libraryWhisker is a scanner which allows you to test HTTP servers for many known security holes, particularly the presence of dangerous CGIs. Libwhisker is a perl library (used by Whisker) which allows for the creation of custom HTTP scanners. If you wish to audit more than just web servers, have a look at Nessus.

John the Ripper: An extraordinarily powerful, flexible, and fast multi-platform password hash crackerJohn the Ripper is a fast password cracker, currently available for many flavors of Unix (11 are officially supported, not counting different architectures), DOS, Win32, BeOS, and OpenVMS. Its primary purpose is to detect weak Unix passwords. It supports several crypt(3) password hash types which are most commonly found on various Unix flavors, as well as Kerberos AFS and Windows NT/2000/XP LM hashes. Several other hash types are added with contributed patches.

OpenSSH / SSH: A secure way to access remote computersSsh (Secure Shell) is a program for logging into or executing commands on a remote machine. It provides secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network. X11 connections and arbitrary TCP/IP ports can also be forwarded over the secure channel. It is intended as a replacement for rlogin, rsh and rcp, and can be used to provide rdist, and rsync with a secure communication channel. OpenSSH is affiliated with the OpenBSD project, though a portable version runs on most UNIX systems. Note that the SSH.Com link above costs money for some uses, while OpenSSH is always free. Windows users may want to try the free PuTTY SSH Client or the nice terminal-based port of OpenSSH that comes with Cygwin. There are dozens of other clients (free or prorietary) available for most platforms - here is a huge list.

Sam Spade: Freeware Windows network query toolSamSpade provides a consistent GUI and implementation for many handy network query tasks. It was designed with tracking down spammers in mind, but can be useful for many other network exploration, administration, and security tasks. It includes tools such as ping, nslookup, whois, dig, traceroute, finger, raw HTTP web browser, DNS zone transfer, SMTP relay check, website search, and more. Non-Windows users can enjoy online versions of many of their tools.

ISS Internet Scanner: Application-level vulnerability assessmentInternet Scanner started off in '92 as a tiny Open Source scanner by Christopher Klaus. Now he has grown ISS into a billion-dollar company with a myriad of security products. ISS Internet Scanner is pretty good, but is not cheap. So companies on a tight budget may wish to look at Nessus instead. A March 2003 Information Security magazine review of 5 VA tools (including these) is available here. Note that VA tools only report vulnerabilities. Commercial tools for actually exploiting them include CORE Impact and Dave Aitel's Canvas. Free exploits for some vulnerabilities can be found at sites like Packet Storm and SecurityFocus

Tripwire: The grand-daddy of file integrity checkersA file and directory integrity checker. Tripwire is a tool that aids system administrators and users in monitoring a designated set of files for any changes. Used with system files on a regular (e.g., daily) basis, Tripwire can notify system administrators of corrupted or tampered files, so damage control measures can be taken in a timely manner. An Open Source Linux version is freely available at Tripwire.Org. UNIX users may also want to consider AIDE, which has been designed to be a free Tripwire replacement. Or you may wish to investigate Radmind.

Nikto: A more comprehensive web scannerNikto is a web server scanner which looks for over 2000 potentially dangerous files/CGIs and problems on over 200 servers. It uses LibWhisker but is generally updated more frequently than Whisker itself.

Kismet: A powerful wireless snifferKismet is an 802.11b network sniffer and network dissector. It is capable of sniffing using most wireless cards, automatic network IP block detection via UDP, ARP, and DHCP packets, Cisco equipment lists via Cisco Discovery Protocol, weak cryptographic packet logging, and Ethereal and tcpdump compatible packet dump files. It also includes the ability to plot detected networks and estimated network ranges on downloaded maps or user supplied image files. Windows support is currently preliminary, so those users may want to look at Netstumbler if they run into trouble. Linux (and Linux PDAs like Zaurus) users may wish to also look at the Wellenreiter wireless scanner.

SuperScan: Foundstone's Windows TCP port scannerA connect-based TCP port scanner, pinger and hostname resolver. No source code is provided. It can handle ping scans and port scans using specified IP ranges. It can also connect to any discovered open port using user-specified "helper" applications (e.g. Telnet, Web browser, FTP).

L0phtCrack 4 (now called "LC4"): Windows password auditing and recovery applicationL0phtCrack attempts to crack Windows passwords from hashes which it can obtain (given proper access) from stand-alone Windows NT/2000 workstations, networked servers, primary domain controllers, or Active Directory. In some cases it can sniff the hashes off the wire. It also has numerous methods of generating password guesses (dictionary, brute force, etc). L0phtcrack currently costs $350/machine and no source code is provided. Companies on a tight budget may want to look at John the Ripper, Cain & Abel, and pwdump3.

Automatically detect security vulnerabilities on your network
GFI LANguard Network Security Scanner (N.S.S.) checks your network for all potential methods that a hacker might use to attack it. By analyzing the operating system and the applications running on your network, GFI LANguard N.S.S. identifies possible security holes. In other words, it plays the devil's advocate and alerts you to weaknesses before a hacker can find them, enabling you to deal with these issues before a hacker can exploit them.
Provides in-depth information about all machines/devices
GFI LANguard N.S.S. scans your entire network, IP by IP, and provides information such as service pack level of the machine, missing security patches, wireless access points, USB devices, open shares, open ports, services/applications active on the computer, key registry entries, weak passwords, users and groups, and more. Scan results can easily be analyzed using filters and reports, enabling you to proactively secure your network - for example, by shutting down unnecessary ports, closing shares, installing service packs and hotfixes, etc.
Patch management
GFI LANguard N.S.S. is also a complete patch management solution. After it has scanned your network and determined missing patches and service packs - both in the operating system and in the applications - you can use GFI LANguard N.S.S. to deploy those service packs and patches network-wide. It can also deploy custom software network-wide. >>

Why use GFI LANguard N.S.S.?
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Check for unused user accounts on workstations
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Audit your network for security vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
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Detect unnecessary shares, open ports & unused user accounts on workstations
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Check for and deploy missing security patches & service packs in OS & Office
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Wireless node/link detection and USB device scanning
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#1 Windows security scanner (voted by NMAP users & 200,000+ sold)
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Unbeatable pricing: $575 for 100 IPs, $999 for unlimited IPs.

System Engineer - IT Administration

Thursday, June 17, 2010